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Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction, 2nd Edition
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The construction industry is working hard to improve its health and safety
record. It is now essential for employers and employees to be aware of the
health and safety issues that concern them and demand for qualifications in this
area is increasing.
The coverage of this book has been directly matched to the Certificate course in
Construction Safety and Health from NEBOSH (National Examination Board in
Occupational Safety and Health). However, the comprehensive coverage of health
and safety topics in a construction context make it relevant for other courses
in Construction Design and Management, Construction Safety and Health, and the
Built Environment, both in the UK and here in the US. It will prove essential reading
for the building industry.
The text is highly illustrated in full color, is easy to read, and includes
self-assessment questions taken directly from NEBOSH examinations as well as a
study skills chapter. The text is also supported with checklists, report forms
and record sheets, making it a valuable reference tool for construction
managers, supervisors, designers, building and civil engineers to consult on the
day-to-day issues of health and safety. 480 pp.
Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction - Table of Contents:
Foreword by George Brumwell
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the authors
List of principal abbreviations
Illustrations credits
Health and safety foundations:
Introduction
Some basic definitions
The legal framework for health and safety
The legal system in England and Wales
The legal system in Scotland
European Courts
Sources of law (England and Wales)
Common law torts and duties
Levels of statutory liability
The influence of the European Union (EU) on health and safety
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
The management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
The main legal instruments relating to construction work
Role and function of external agencies
The scope and definition of construction
The health and safety problem in the construction industry
Moral, legal and financial arguments for health and safety management
The framework for health and safety management
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 1
Policy:
Introduction
Legal requirements
Key elements of a health and safety policy
Review of health and safety policy
Practice NEBOSH question for Chapter 2
Appendix 2.1 Health and Safety Policy checklist
Organising for health and safety:
Introduction
Control
Employers' responsibilities
Employees' responsibilities
Organizational health and safety responsibilities
Role and functions of health and safety and other advisers
Persons in control of premises
Self-employed
The supply chain
Contractors
Joint occupation of premises
Cooperation with the workforce
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 3
Appendix 3.1 Typical organizational responsibilities
Promoting a positive health and safety culture:
Introduction
Definition of a health and safety culture
Safety culture and safety performance
Human factors and their influence on safety performance
Human errors and violations
The development of a positive health and safety culture
Effective communication
Health and safety training
Internal influences
External influences
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 4
Risk assessment:
Introduction
Legal aspects of risk assessment
Forms of risk assessment
Some definitions
The objectives of risk assessment
Accident categories
Health risks
The management of risk assessment
The risk assessment process
Risk control measures
Hierarchy of risk control
Prioritization of risk control
Record of risk assessment findings
Monitoring and review
Special cases
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 5
Appendix 5.1 Hazard checklist
Appendix 5.2 Example of a risk assessment record
Principles of control:
Introduction
Principles of prevention
Hierarchy of risk control
Controlling health risks
Safe systems of work
Lone workers
Permits to work
Emergency procedures
First aid at work
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 6
Appendix 6.1 Fire notice
Appendix 6.2 Job safety analysis form
Appendix 6.3 Example of a safety method statement form
Appendix 6.4 Essential elements of a permit-to-work form
General site issues - hazards and control:
Introduction
General hazards and controls
Initial site assessment
Site controls
Provision of welfare facilities
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 7
Appendix 7.1 A typical set of sit rules
Working at height - hazards and control:
Introduction
Construction hazards and controls from working at height
Working above ground or where there is a risk of falling
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 8
Appendix 8.1 Checklist of typical scaffolding faults
Appendix 8.2 A checklist for a safety inspection of a scaffold
Appendix 8.3 Examples of safe systems of work used in roof work
Excavation work and confined spaces - hazards and control:
Introduction
Excavations hazards and control
Confined spaces
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 9
Appendix 9.1 Construction (Health, Safety, and Welfare Regulations 1996)
Appendix 9.2 An example of safe digging practice
Appendix 9.3 Typical excavation work risk assessment
Appendix 9.4 Typical confined spaces risk assessment
Demolition - hazards and control:
Introduction
Principal hazards of demolition work
Pre-demolition investigation and survey
Demolition method statementForeword by George Brumwell
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the authors
List of principal abbreviations
Illustrations credits
Health and safety foundations:
Introduction
Some basic definitions
The legal framework for health and safety
The legal system in England and Wales
The legal system in Scotland
European Courts
Sources of law (England and Wales)
Common law torts and duties
Levels of statutory liability
The influence of the European Union (EU) on health and safety
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
The management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
The main legal instruments relating to construction work
Role and function of external agencies
The scope and definition of construction
The health and safety problem in the construction industry
Moral, legal and financial arguments for health and safety management
The framework for health and safety management
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 1
Policy:
Introduction
Legal requirements
Key elements of a health and safety policy
Review of health and safety policy
Practice NEBOSH question for Chapter 2
Appendix 2.1 Health and Safety Policy checklist
Organising for health and safety:
Introduction
Control
Employers' responsibilities
Employees' responsibilities
Organizational health and safety responsibilities
Role and functions of health and safety and other advisers
Persons in control of premises
Self-employed
The supply chain
Contractors
Joint occupation of premises
Cooperation with the workforce
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 3
Appendix 3.1 Typical organizational responsibilities
Promoting a positive health and safety culture:
Introduction
Definition of a health and safety culture
Safety culture and safety performance
Human factors and their influence on safety performance
Human errors and violations
The development of a positive health and safety culture
Effective communication
Health and safety training
Internal influences
External influences
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 4
Risk assessment:
Introduction
Legal aspects of risk assessment
Forms of risk assessment
Some definitions
The objectives of risk assessment
Accident categories
Health risks
The management of risk assessment
The risk assessment process
Risk control measures
Hierarchy of risk control
Prioritization of risk control
Record of risk assessment findings
Monitoring and review
Special cases
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 5
Appendix 5.1 Hazard checklist
Appendix 5.2 Example of a risk assessment record
Principles of control:
Introduction
Principles of prevention
Hierarchy of risk control
Controlling health risks
Safe systems of work
Lone workers
Permits to work
Emergency procedures
First aid at work
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 6
Appendix 6.1 Fire notice
Appendix 6.2 Job safety analysis form
Appendix 6.3 Example of a safety method statement form
Appendix 6.4 Essential elements of a permit-to-work form
General site issues - hazards and control:
Introduction
General hazards and controls
Initial site assessment
Site controls
Provision of welfare facilities
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 7
Appendix 7.1 A typical set of sit rules
Working at height - hazards and control:
Introduction
Construction hazards and controls from working at height
Working above ground or where there is a risk of falling
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 8
Appendix 8.1 Checklist of typical scaffolding faults
Appendix 8.2 A checklist for a safety inspection of a scaffold
Appendix 8.3 Examples of safe systems of work used in roof work
Excavation work and confined spaces - hazards and control:
Introduction
Excavations hazards and control
Confined spaces
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 9
Appendix 9.1 Construction (Health, Safety, and Welfare Regulations 1996)
Appendix 9.2 An example of safe digging practice
Appendix 9.3 Typical excavation work risk assessment
Appendix 9.4 Typical confined spaces risk assessment
Demolition - hazards and control:
Introduction
Principal hazards of demolition work
Pre-demolition investigation and survey
Demolition method statement
Management of the demolition and general controls
Specific issues
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 10
Appendix 10.1 Checklist for safe systems of work
Movement of people and vehicles - hazards and control:
Introduction
Hazards to pedestrians
Control strategies for pedestrian hazards
Hazards to the general public and the associated controls in construction
activities, including street works
Hazards in vehicle operations
Control strategies for safe vehicle operations
The management of vehicle movements
Hazards and controls of vehicles on construction sites
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 11
Work equipment hazards and control:
Introduction
Suitability of work equipment and CE marking
Use and maintenance of equipment with specific risks
Information, instruction and training
Maintenance and inspection
Operation and working environment
Users' and hirers' responsibilities
Hand-held tools
Mechanical machinery hazards
Mobile work equipment
Non-mechanical machinery hazards
Examples of machinery hazards
Practical safeguards
Other safety devices
Application of safeguards to the range of machines
Guard construction
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 12
Fire hazards and control:
Introduction
Legal considerations
Fire certificates
Basic principles of fire
Methods of extinction
Classification of fire
Principles of heat transmission and fire spread
Common causes of fire and consequences
Fire risk assessment
Fire detection and warning
Means of escape in case of fire
Principles of fire protection in buildings
Provision of fire-fighting equipment
Maintenance and testing of fire-fighting equipment
Planning for an emergency and training staff
Fire procedures and people with disability
Practice NEBOSH questions for chapter 15
Chemical and biological health hazards and control:
Introduction
Forms of chemical agent
Forms of biological agent
Classification of hazardous substances and their associated health risks
Routes of entry to the human body
Health hazards of specific agents
Requirements of the COSHH Regulations
Details of a COSHH assessmen
The control measures required under the COSHH Regulations
Health surveillance and personal hygiene
Maintenance and emergency controls
Control of asbestos
Environmental considerations
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 16
Physical and psychological health hazards and control:
Introduction
Task and workstation design
Work environment issues
Noise
Heat and radiation hazards
The causes and prevention of workplace stress
The causes and prevention of workplace violence
The effects of alcohol and drugs
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 17
Incident investigation, recording and reporting:
Introduction
Logic behind incident/accident investigation
Which incidents/accidents should be investigated?
Investigations and causes of incidents
Legal recording and reporting requirements
Typical examples of incidents within the construction industry
Internal systems for collecting and analysing incident data
Compensation and insurance issues
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 18
Appendix 18.1 Injury report form
Appendix 18.2 Information for insurance/compensation
Monitoring, review and audit:
Introduction
The traditional approach to measuring health and safety performance
Why measure performance?
What to measure
Measuring failure reactive monitoring
Proactive monitoring how to measure performance
Who should monitor performance?
Frequency of monitoring and inspection
Report writing
Review and audit
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 19
Appendix 19.1 Workplace inspection exercises
Appendix 19.2 Checklist of items to be covered in a construction site
inspection
Summary of the main legal requirements:
Introduction
The legal framework
List of Acts and Regulations summarized
Health and Safety at Work etc Act (HSW Act) 1974
Fire Precautions Act 1971
Environmental Protection Act 1990
The New Roads and Street Works Act 1991
Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002
Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 as amended in 1998
Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002
Confined Spaces Regulations 1997
Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 1994 and Amendment
Regulations 2000
Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989
Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) (CHSW) Regulations 1996
Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002
Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002
Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Employers' Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998
Fire Precautions (Special Premises) Regulations 1976
Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981
Health and Safety (Information for Employees) Regulations 1989
Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999
Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHO) 1992
Noise at Work Regulations 1989
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (except part IV)
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995
Safety Representatives and Safety Committee Regulations 1977
Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996
Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992
Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992
Draft Work at Height Regulations 2003
Other relevant regulations in brief
Study skills:
Introduction
Finding a place to study
Planning for study
Blocked thinking
Taking notes
Reading for study
Revision
How does memory work?
How to deal with exams
The examiners' report
Conclusion
References
Index
Management of the demolition and general controls
Specific issues
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 10
Appendix 10.1 Checklist for safe systems of work
Movement of people and vehicles - hazards and control:
Introduction
Hazards to pedestrians
Control strategies for pedestrian hazards
Hazards to the general public and the associated controls in construction
activities, including street works
Hazards in vehicle operations
Control strategies for safe vehicle operations
The management of vehicle movements
Hazards and controls of vehicles on construction sites
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 11
Work equipment hazards and control:
Introduction
Suitability of work equipment and CE marking
Use and maintenance of equipment with specific risks
Information, instruction and training
Maintenance and inspection
Operation and working environment
Users' and hirers' responsibilities
Hand-held tools
Mechanical machinery hazards
Mobile work equipment
Non-mechanical machinery hazards
Examples of machinery hazards
Practical safeguards
Other safety devices
Application of safeguards to the range of machines
Guard construction
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 12
Manual and mechanical handling hazards and control:
Introduction
Manual handling hazards and injuries
Manual handling risk assessments
Types of mechanical handling and lifting equipment
Requirements for the statutory examination of lifting equipment
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 13
Appendix 13.1 Manual handling of loads assessment checklist
Appendix 13.2 A typical risk assessment for an excavator to be used for
lifting
Appendix 13.3 A typical risk assessment for the use of lifting equipment
Electrical hazards and control:
Introduction
Principles of electricity and some definitions electrical hazards and injuries
General control measures for electrical hazards
The selection and suitability of equipment
Inspection and maintenance strategies
Portable electrical appliances testing
Protection against contact with live overhead power lines
Practice NEBOSH questions for chapter 14
Fire hazards and control:
Introduction
Legal considerations
Fire certificates
Basic principles of fire
Methods of extinction
Classification of fire
Principles of heat transmission and fire spread
Common causes of fire and consequences
Fire risk assessment
Fire detection and warning
Means of escape in case of fire
Principles of fire protection in buildings
Provision of fire-fighting equipment
Maintenance and testing of fire-fighting equipment
Planning for an emergency and training staff
Fire procedures and people with disability
Practice NEBOSH questions for chapter 15
Chemical and biological health hazards and control:
Introduction
Forms of chemical agent
Forms of biological agent
Classification of hazardous substances and their associated health risks
Routes of entry to the human body
Health hazards of specific agents
Requirements of the COSHH Regulations
Details of a COSHH assessment
The control measures required under the COSHH Regulations
Health surveillance and personal hygiene
Maintenance and emergency controls
Control of asbestos
Environmental considerations
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 16
Physical and psychological health hazards and control:
Introduction
Task and workstation design
Work environment issues
Noise
Heat and radiation hazards
The causes and prevention of workplace stress
The causes and prevention of workplace violence
The effects of alcohol and drugs
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 17
Incident investigation, recording and reporting:
Introduction
Logic behind incident/accident investigation
Which incidents/accidents should be investigated?
Investigations and causes of incidents
Legal recording and reporting requirements
Typical examples of incidents within the construction industry
Internal systems for collecting and analysing incident data
Compensation and insurance issues
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 18
Appendix 18.1 Injury report form
Appendix 18.2 Information for insurance/compensation
Monitoring, review and audit:
Introduction
The traditional approach to measuring health and safety performance
Why measure performance?
What to measure
Measuring failure reactive monitoring
Proactive monitoring how to measure performance
Who should monitor performance?
Frequency of monitoring and inspection
Report writing
Review and audit
Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 19
Appendix 19.1 Workplace inspection exercises
Appendix 19.2 Checklist of items to be covered in a construction site
inspection
Summary of the main legal requirements:
Introduction
The legal framework
List of Acts and Regulations summarized
Health and Safety at Work etc Act (HSW Act) 1974
Fire Precautions Act 1971
Environmental Protection Act 1990
The New Roads and Street Works Act 1991
Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2002
Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1983 as amended in 1998
Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002
Confined Spaces Regulations 1997
Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 1994 and Amendment
Regulations 2000
Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989
Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) (CHSW) Regulations 1996
Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002
Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002
Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
Employers' Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998
Fire Precautions (Special Premises) Regulations 1976
Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997
Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981
Health and Safety (Information for Employees) Regulations 1989
Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999
Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHO) 1992
Noise at Work Regulations 1989
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (except part IV)
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995
Safety Representatives and Safety Committee Regulations 1977
Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996
Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992
Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992
Draft Work at Height Regulations 2003
Other relevant regulations in brief
Study skills:
Introduction
Finding a place to study
Planning for study
Blocked thinking
Taking notes
Reading for study
Revision
How does memory work?
How to deal with exams
The examiners' report
Conclusion
References
Index
Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction, 2nd Edition